Usually, natural disasters that harm humans also harm nonhuman animals. 2 Although some definitions only include events that affect humans, nonhuman animals are also affected in large numbers and often lack the ability and resources they need to adjust to the aftermath of a disaster. 1Ī disaster is defined in human terms as a catastrophic event that exceeds a community’s capacity to respond without external assistance.
All of this contributes to health problems for marine animals, while changing the circulation of water, which further affects nutrient availability and water temperature. Volcanoes, storms, and floods can kill marine animals directly, or cause long-term problems by depositing debris and affecting the temperature and salinity of water. Strong volcanic eruptions and fires can temporarily change regional weather, cooling or heating the air, changing winds, or causing rain. Others sustain major injuries, including cuts and abrasions to the eyes, wings and gills respiratory and digestive disorders, eroded teeth malnutrition and poisoning from contaminated food and water. Many animals die, drowned or buried alive by dirt, ash, lava, or snow crushed to death in collapsed or burnt burrows smashed against trees and rocks, or pelted by hailstones. Earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and forest fires can have devastating consequences. Animals living in the wild are particularly vulnerable in natural disasters.
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